The International Military Tribunal opened under the auspice of Stalin's favorite judge Iona T. Nikitschenko on
November 20, 1945 with the reading of the Indictment...the first charge alleging the 21 defendants all belonged to a criminal conspiracy to commit Crimes against Peace, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity.
The conspiracy charge provided the prosecution with numerous advantages. For one, every member of a conspiracy is responsible for the criminal acts of others taken in furtherance of the conspiracy even if the member did not know of the criminal act. So a conspiracy charge can dramatically enhance the consequences of a guilty verdict for any single defendant. For another, evidentiary rules are relaxed for the statements of co-conspirators, making it easier for prosecutors to present incriminating evidence.
The members of the alleged conspiracy were huge, The Tribunal ruled that "A trial of any individual member of any group or organization the Tribunal may declare (in connection with any act of which the individual may be convicted) that the group or organization of which the individual was a member was a criminal organization.
This allowed the presentation of atrocities that the none of the 21 defendants knew about or participated in.
For example, Indictment charged "the Nazi conspirators mercilessly destroyed even children. They killed them with their parents, in groups, and alone. They killed them in children's homes and hospitals, burying the living in the graves, throwing them into flames, stabbing them with bayonets, poisoning them, conducting experiments upon them, extracting their blood for the use of the German Army." The American prosecution popped up with alleged human skin lampshades and
a shrunken head. The Soviets presented evidence of a human soap factory and evidence that the Germans had
committed the Katyn killings. Films of victims of allied bombings were presented as German crimes. The defendants
had no way to disprove or even challenge the show.
All this was eagerly repeated by the world press and generally incorporated into the ruling of the Tribunal.
The Judgment rendered by the Nuremberg Tribunal has been the basis of much false history.
Although the findings of the Tribunal have been largely revised, its affects still contaminate our history books.
One for the best books for understanding the Tribunal is "The Holocaust: Proven at Nuremberg?"
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