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Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Callafangers
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

Post by Callafangers »

bombsaway wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 2:58 am Isn't this thread about the rationale of SanityCheck and orthodoxy's decision not to engage?

This has nothing to do with the point that I'm making, which is about the rationale. They aren't concerned the Holocaust might be false. They're concerned false beliefs might gain ground in the public sphere which would lead to more anti semitism.
If you believe this is really the case, then their 'concern' is in any case a fallacy. They are failing (or refusing) to address anything involving physical evidence 'because revisionists are already wrong anyways'.

Any sincere, curious person can see that the physical evidence and revisionist interpretations are meaningful and relevant. SC/Terry and those he has worked with are forced to simply deny this, especially after their best effort to make an exterminationist case for physical evidence (via Muehlenkamp) was a catastrophic failure.

If revisionists are simply ignorant actors in bad faith, should it not be rather easy (for SC, etc.) to present the informed, honest interpretation which counteracts theirs?
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Callafangers wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 3:26 am
If you believe this is really the case, then their 'concern' is in any case a fallacy. They are failing (or refusing) to address anything involving physical evidence 'because revisionists are already wrong anyways'.
I would respond by saying that it is fallacy to say they have "failed or refused" to address anything. I've done so in this forum actually, when me and Stubble had that conversation about airflow in Treblinka where he admitted I was right.

It's just a cherry picked position. The fallacy is thus on your side.

It would be more accurate to say revisionists have not found the majority of orthodoxy's arguments on physical evidence to be convincing.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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CO concentration, not airflow, we didn't get in to airflow. Admittedly that distinction is unimportant to the debate there, which assumed the witnesses were wrong, and that a specific gasoline engine was used.

I just don't like the misframing here.
If I were to guess why no t4 personnel were chosen to perform gassing that had experience with gassing, it would be because THERE WERE NONE.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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bombsaway wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 4:01 am I would respond by saying that it is fallacy to say they have "failed or refused" to address anything. I've done so in this forum actually, when me and Stubble had that conversation about airflow in Treblinka where he admitted I was right.

It's just a cherry picked position. The fallacy is thus on your side.
You're shifting the scope of the debate, here. The focus is on those driving/leading the exterminationist position (SC/Terry et al.; includes Muehlenkamp, Metzner, etc.) versus those doing the same for revisionism (Mattogno, Rudolf, etc.). You and I do not count in this aspect of the debate. A debate you had with Stubble is another one of your red herrings -- not relevant, not helpful.

There is nothing cherry-picked about a lack of any sustained exterminationist arguments pertaining to physical evidence. I've given three examples in the OP of this thread:
Not on FeCN levels nor crematoria use/maintenance at Birkenau...
Not on grave volumes nor contents at any of the major camps...
Not on fuel needs and evidence at any of the major camps...
...
bombsaway wrote:It would be more accurate to say revisionists have not found the majority of orthodoxy's arguments on physical evidence to be convincing.
No -- this would be a convenient strawman, for you. This is not accurate at all when the truth is that orthodoxy is at a total loss for any sustainable position on any aspect of physical evidence, which is why there was a huge influx of attempts to deconstruct Mattogno's positions in this regard circa mid-2010s (thanks, Roberto), before abrupt radio silence with the publishing of 'The Operation Reinhard Camps' (Mattogno, ca. 2019).

This is why SanityCheck loves to chime in on every aspect of 'Holocaust' debate where he is able to spam records from Soviet archives, or claims of Jews or post-war SS/Nazis under duress; but he is nowhere to be found to add so much as a blurb nor deference to any other scholar with regard to the debate on physical evidence. It's also why you seem only to make vague, general rebuttals on the matter of physical evidence, or claim an occasional 'gotcha' against a forum member here, while providing no direct challenges to the latest and most authoritative revisionist works (which, again, have gone completely unchallenged by anyone in your camp, at any level).

If you really want to prove your worth, start here:

https://codoh.com/library/document/inco ... ion-camps/

Start a new thread, and show the world just how ignorant Mattogno is. Show how he has acted in bad faith, and point us to any exterminationist author or work that challenges his position.

We're waiting.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Taking the example of Rudolf's chemistry arguments, he conceded there's no rigorous proof there in response to Green. You're able to raise questions, that's it, and Rudolf had to concede his inability to prove the negative. I wouldn't call this a failure on the part of orthodoxy.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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bombsaway wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 6:43 am Taking the example of Rudolf's chemistry arguments, he conceded there's no rigorous proof there in response to Green. You're able to raise questions, that's it, and Rudolf had to concede his inability to prove the negative. I wouldn't call this a failure on the part of orthodoxy.
He doesn't need 'rigorous proof'. This is another cop-out. Witness statements (any number of them, especially if inconsistent) are also far from 'rigorous proof'. Physical evidence, however, especially something as strong and directly-relevant as FeCN levels, is much stronger evidence (and much closer to rigorous proof) than are the witness statements and everything else from the exterminationist perspective on what actually happened in this buildings-in-question at Birkenau.

You can claim you still have 'wiggle-room' to believe gassings happened there. But the evidence is now working against you, strongly so. That's what Rudolf's work means.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Callafangers wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 6:48 am
bombsaway wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 6:43 am Taking the example of Rudolf's chemistry arguments, he conceded there's no rigorous proof there in response to Green. You're able to raise questions, that's it, and Rudolf had to concede his inability to prove the negative. I wouldn't call this a failure on the part of orthodoxy.
He doesn't need 'rigorous proof'. This is another cop-out. Witness statements (any number of them, especially if inconsistent) are also far from 'rigorous proof'. Physical evidence, however, especially something as strong and directly-relevant as FeCN levels, is much stronger evidence (and much closer to rigorous proof) than are the witness statements and everything else from the exterminationist perspective on what actually happened in this buildings-in-question at Birkenau.

You can claim you still have 'wiggle-room' to believe gassings happened there. But the evidence is now working against you, strongly so. That's what Rudolf's work means.
It's all subjective though, how close you are to 'rigorous', how much weight to place on this vs the direct witness testimonies, which are unanimous about gassings having occurred.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Callafangers wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 2:43 am
Nessie wrote:It may be because no expert thinks it is worth their time.
bombsaway wrote:"It does not mean that we regard deniers as equal debating partners on an intellectual or ethical level; instead, we proceed in the knowledge that deniers operate in ignorance and bad faith."

This is the explanation for the lack of serious attention from the mainstream + the argument of not wanting to give people they believe are racists a platform.
Both of these are the same cop-out, and this is precisely why revisionism has been gaining ground. It assumes that neutral, curious audiences are stupid and/or will not ever come across revisionist arguments on physical evidence which are clearly compelling and remain unchallenged.

If this is the 'hill exterminationists wish to die on', I'm all for it.
If you spent time on X, you would understand better why academics would not bother debating a denier/revisionist. The arguments they put forward, that are easily debunked, are very ignorant, or used in bad faith. I am thinking of the likes of Uncommonsense, who repeatedly tweets the same drivel about Auschwitz having a swimming pool, a death toll of 274k and the wooden door visitors to Krema I walk through to see the gas chamber. Your standard of argument is not much higher and your arguments about the physical evidence are obviously evidentially and logically flawed.

Someone who understands even the basics about evidencing and logic, will easily see through you. That there is evidence denial/revisionism is on the rise, speaks to how many people, even some who are bright, lack sufficient understanding of evidence of logic. The arguments on the physical evidence that you rely on, are compelling only to those whose understanding is lacking, or bad actors. I suspect Uncommonsense is a bad actor, who knows the arguments he tweets are nonsense, but he gets lots of clicks and that is his aim. He wants to spread hate about Jews. The internet has made spreading hate much easier to make money from. If Uncommonsense was limited to publishing books, none of us would know about him.

Historians will not die on the hill of producing a chronological, evidenced history of what happened in places such as the AR camps. They will not die on the hill of not being able to convince some people how the gas chambers, cremation ovens and pyres worked, when there is evidence they did indeed work. You have chosen to deny or interpret evidence in a way that defies the evidenced chronological history of usage of places such as the Kremas. Your inconclusive non-history, is of little to no interest to a genuine historian, as they want to know what happened, not what did not happen and leave it at that.

I challenge the revisionist physical evidence arguments on the following points.

1 - building functional gas chambers, mass corpse cremation ovens, outdoor mass pyres and digging mass graves, were all well within German design and engineering capabilities in the 1940s. Just look at what else they engineered during WWII. They fired rockets at London, built the best armoury and constructed huge fortifications. For revisionists to suggest, somehow, they could not work out how to convert a corpse cellar inside a crematorium into a gas chamber, or how to set a mass pyre, is ridiculous. If anyone was going to technologically advance how cremation ovens could function, it was them. This point is connected to point 4.

2 - there is far more evidence that revisionists will ever accept, that gas chambers, multiple corpse cremation ovens, pyres and mass graves existed. If they existed, they were obviously made to work and revisionists cannot revise the history, to prove something else happened. For example, revisionists cannot prove TII was a transit camp, not a death camp. If the millions of Jews, arrested by the Nazis and their allies, 1939-44 and sent to ghettos and camps, were not mass murdered, it stands to reason that by 1944, those camps and ghettos would be packed, creating a logistical nightmare for the Nazis. That would have left a lot of evidence, and instead, there is none. All across Europe, what happened to the Jews who avoided being arrested, can be tracked and they can be traced. That changes when Jews are arrested. The vast majority of them disappear, often in specific places, such as TII. Much of the revisionist argument is designed to distract from its inability to revise the history of the Jews in Europe during WWII.

3 - the Nazis conducted a wholesale cover-up, destroying as much evidence of their criminal activity, as possible. That leaves large evidential gaps, which makes discovering the details on how they built the gas chambers etc, difficult. For example, they made physical body counts at the AR camps impossible, by cremating the corpses and spreading and burying the cremains in a way that makes quantifying the amounts nigh on impossible. Revisionist arguments are reliant on those gaps. They exploit them, claiming that it was not possible for piles of rubble to have ever functioned as gas chambers. If the Nazis had left Krema II in tact, as it was in 1943-4, or they had left the graves at TII like the graves at Katyn, revisionists would have no physical evidence argument. Historians accept that there are gaps and that those gaps will leave unanswerable questions. Revisionism makes a lot of assumptions, where there are gaps in the evidence, all of which are designed to suit them.

4 - the arguments that revisionists use, about the physical evidence, are logically and evidentially flawed. That they cannot work out, to their satisfaction, how gas chambers were vented, the ovens coped with so many corpses, the pyres were set and so many corpses fitted into what can be found of the mass graves, is not evidence to prove there were no gassings, cremations and burials. As shown in point 1, historians are not claiming the Nazis did anything that they were not physically capable of doing, so the argument they could not have, fails.

5 - The revisionist treatment of the witness evidence, is particularly badly flawed, as it fails to take into account all the scientific knowledge and understanding of witness behaviour, hearsay, memory, recall and estimations. Their obvious aim is to find excuses to dismiss the eyewitness evidence, which leaves them with no eyewitnesses at all, who worked inside the AR camps, Chelmno or the A-B Kremas. They confuse credibility with truthfulness and then exploit the often poor descriptions of how the pyres were set and burned, or how the gas chambers were ventilated, to create a mistaken belief that the witnesses are lying. When a witness describes something in a way that cannot have physically worked, that is not evidence they lied and what they described did not happen. A witness who is not credible, is not necessarily lying. Revisionists ignore the corroboration test, or mistakenly claim it is failed.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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This,
bombsaway wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 4:01 am
It would be more accurate to say revisionists have not found the majority of orthodoxy's arguments on physical evidence to be convincing.
Sanity Check is a historian, not a chemist, engineer or archaeologist. When people with relevant expertise, have entered the debate, such as Green on chemistry and Sturdy-Colls on archaeology, revisionists still do not find their arguments convincing.

If a structural engineer, with an expertise in construction using concrete, entered the debate and produced reports on the roofs at the Kremas, I can 100% guarantee that revisionists would accept the report if it stated there had been no holes and they reject it, if it said there had been holes. Revisionists could argue that I would do the same, but in reverse, and they would be correct, but. The "but" being, I have other evidence, from eyewitnesses, photographs and circumstances, that there were holes in the roof. The structural engineer would need to explain why he found no holes, when there is corroborating evidence from multiple sources, that the holes existed. Occams Razor suggests that when a scientist's claim is contradicted by evidence from numerous sources, the simplest explanation is that the scientist is wrong.

That is Germar Rudolf's biggest problem, and it is one revisionists hand wave away, by suggesting it is evidence of a large conspiracy and lie. To be at all convincing, Rudolf's claim that the Leichenkellers were not used as gas chambers, he needs to evidence the conspiracy to lie that he is suggesting took place. He can do that by proving the actual usage of the Leichenkellers, or the lie. He fails at both. Despite access to Auschwitz archives and decades of research, he has failed to find evidence from documents, eyewitnesses or other evidence, to prove the Leichenkellers were used for another purpose and the eyewitnesses all lied.

The difference between Sanity Check, bomsaway and I, and the revisionists is, we believe the physical arguments that are corroborated by other evidence, revisionists believe physical arguments that are not corroborated or are contradicted by other evidence.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Squinting through the usual passive aggressive cry-bullying demoralization psychoanalysis, there is a point to consider.

SC -- somehow part of the mainstream(?) despite repeatedly engaging in "white supremacist scientific racist anti-semitic associated rhetoric" -- answered a long time ago the OP question about the physical evidence.

According to the article he has published in an academic book, he believes out-of-fashion revisionist ("negationist" "denial") ideas like physics/thermodynamics/chemistry/logistics are spread online through a pseudoscientific propaganda offensive via guerilla warfare by elderly Hitler-worshiping antisemites who are ruthlessly censoring him.

This is an obvious paranoid conspiracy theory from a self-diagnosed masochist.
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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pilgrimofdark wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 12:57 pm

According to the article he has published in an academic book, he believes out-of-fashion revisionist ("negationist" "denial") ideas like physics/thermodynamics/chemistry/logistics are spread online through a pseudoscientific propaganda offensive via guerilla warfare by elderly Hitler-worshiping antisemites who are ruthlessly censoring him.

This is an obvious paranoid conspiracy theory from a self-diagnosed masochist.
Censorship is in reference to the old board. Archie can speak to differences in moderation probably
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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bombsaway wrote: Sat Feb 07, 2026 2:16 pm Censorship is in reference to the old board. Archie can speak to differences in moderation probably
One of the old forum's moderators (Hannover) was known for censoring certain exterminationist tactics and lines of argumentation (I experienced this myself at one point, when I entertained a particular exterminationist argument and was banned as 'Callahan' [later returned as 'Butterfangers']). I believe Hannover was intentionally biased against exterminationist users as a way to counteract the global societal censorship against revisionists, enabling a platform where revisionism could grow and develop its knowledge-base, on the forum.

I think this was arguably the right call at the time.

The CODOH forum was (and perhaps still is) the only venue where critical minds could gather and directly challenge 'Holocaust' claims in an intelligent, interactive, and comprehensive way. The orthodoxy/establishment by the time of the forum's creation had a six-decade head start on publishing their own interpretations and cherry-picked archival evidence. Revisionist perspectives were still in their infancy and were not yet prepared to engage with the hundreds/thousands of 'Holocaust' books (and witness statements, etc.) already published and curated by this time. Thus, while I would concede Hannover's uneven-handedness on the old forum, I do not think this was necessarily unreasonable nor even close to comparable when weighted against the uneven-handedness of the multi-billion dollar 'Holocaust' establishment and its rampant censorship of criticism.

Flash-forward to present-day, revisionism has become much more developed and, as this thread confirms, totally won the physical evidence debate (it's over). As for documentary evidence, all of that which could not be manipulated by postwar powers reflects a non-Holocaust (e.g. widely-published contemporary news clippings showing Jewish resettlement in the East), and no verifiable/explicit documentation of any kind supports the key narrative elements (which universally rely on dubious witness statements and postwar 'confessions' under duress).
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Re: Why does SanityCheck evade the Physical Evidence Question?

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Callafangers wrote: Tue Feb 03, 2026 10:07 am Why does SanityCheck (anti-revisionist 'Holocaust' academia's leading man) so strongly avoid all matters of physical evidence with regard to 'Holocaust' evidence? In the past, one could give the benefit of the doubt because there were other anti-revisionist scholars at least engaging in the physical debate, when the debate appeared evolving or inconclusive. During this time, one could interpret SanityCheck's silence on all physical evidence matters as being due to his reasonable deference to others like Roberto Muehlenkamp, who was the HolocaustControversies blog's unofficial physical evidence specialist until the mid-2010s. But after revisionism's more recent works -- and especially following C. Mattogno's "The Operation Reinhard Camps" -- Muehlenkamp went radio silent and there has been no anti-revisionist scholar capable of producing (nor even attempting) a compelling rebuttal on any of the physical arguments.

Not on FeCN levels nor crematoria use/maintenance at Birkenau...
Not on grave volumes nor contents at any of the major camps...
Not on fuel needs and evidence at any of the major camps...


It certainly appears that there are no counter-arguments to the current revisionist position on physical evidence (and lack thereof) for the 'Holocaust'. This seems to concede that this paramount category of the debate has been won, completely -- even after stress-tested to the maximum by anti-revisionists giving it their best shot.

If SanityCheck evades the physical evidence debate, that's fine -- but he should at least be able to name one single person who does not evade and can refute it meaningfully.
You're conflating and confusing several issues here, as is the case with various others in this thread.

I've hardly been silent on physical evidence when discussing denial over the past almost twenty years (on and off) on different forums. If I don't engage every single time a denier brings up the same arguments as the past twenty times I discussed them, go figure. That goes especially for the victory-dancing and deluded 'I won' style you're repeating above and elsewhere.

Nessie raised the question of 'expertise' in this thread; it's a misplaced point, since essentially none of the revisionists have qualifications of relevance, or prior experience with the issues being debated. Germar Rudolf is the only real exception, and his interpretations were contradicted by other trained chemists.

Rudolf's arguments, and Leuchter's before him, about Prussian Blue do not convince in the slightest, not just because neither demonstrated why Prussian Blue would necessarily form or persist in the ruins and buildings they examined 40-45 years after the events. Mainly because the reported homicidal gassings lasted a much shorter time than prolonged use of Zyklon B in delousing chambers, which explains the visible-to-the-naked-eye difference between blue-stained buildings and those without. Wow! Such forensic derring-do! Kremas IV and V were levelled to their floors, the Bunkers as well, Kremas II and III left partially open to the elements, Krema I was only sporadically used, Block 11's basement once. The fact that all concerned found any traces of cyanide at all, 40-45 years after the war corroborates the Polish 1945 investigation stating they found cyanide traces on ventilation grates.

The critiques of Leuchter and Rudolf were very numerous in the 1990s and early 2000s, and while not all points made seem valid to me, more than enough are to make this a 'let me look into it, ah OK they're full of shit' issue. I did assemble a wealth of academic journal articles on HCN, Zyklon B, fumigation delousing, and indeed Prussian Blue, just under twenty years ago, but frankly the historical evidence of the rhythm of gassings plus sources on washing and also whitewashing the insides of the chambers make the claim even more implausible.

'No holes' was never even remotely valid for Kremas IV and V or the Bunkers, and dubious already in the 1990s before McCarthy, Keren and Mazal plausibly located holes in the ruins of Kremas II and III, correlating them very straightforwardly with the ground level and air photos. Denier whining after this is just sour grapes. No doubt it needs to be restated a few more times for the Hiroo Onodas out there.

Revisionist interpretations of the documentary paper trail about the gas chambers and crematoria of Birkenau are also not convincing, and frankly ludicrously long-winded. They also play an entirely pointless game of interpret-the-documents away from other types of evidence (the contemporary manuscripts and reports, and the post-January 1945 testimonies), which nobody is obliged to do. The fact that revisionism is stuck with a methodology that can only consider different source types (or collections) in isolation from each other is a screaming red flag.

This also goes for the interpretation of the paper trail about cremation capacity, but this is where considering other historical evidence reinforces the common-sense interpretation: these crematoria burned multiple corpses simultaneously. This is also reported from T4 centres, using mobile Kori furnaces, and obviously is in multiple documents for Auschwitz, in addition to the many testimonies about this. As with other aspects, revisionist works become entirely tl;dr and unconvincing for why they need to witter on at such length to wish away the consilient, concise, corroborated explanation.

In general, there is no shortage of material online addressing revisionist claims about Auschwitz, with the Auschwitz Museum being a little more proactive in recent years compared to 20-30 years ago, adding to the many websites like the Holocaust History Project (in its archived version) addressing the 'technical' issues. The range means the info is pitched at various levels, as one would expect, from quick Q&A rebuttals on the museum website and on hdot.org, to longer articles. Irving vs Lipstadt and the appeal really were the end to much of this.

It's true that revisionists, especially Mattogno and Rudolf, have continued to churn out books on Auschwitz in the past 25 years, but the proliferation doesn't make for a convincing impression. Maybe if one of them could sum up all of the valid and relevant arguments in one volume (without simply referring readers to the existing repetitive sprawl) this might help.


One of my most-repeated points in forum discussions is the need to consider the full range of sites and camps involved in the extermination of the Jews (and targeting of other groups) together. This goes for every possible angle: if revisionists want to advance a conspiracy claim then they need to consider all the camps together, alongside the shootings; and to consider gassings and shootings aimed at non-Jews (e.g. T4) as well as those aimed at Jews.

This also includes considering what happened to the remains of the victims and thus, physical evidence and considerations about it. Much of the time, revisionists prefer to lead with the biggest camps and thereby neglect the rest. This is problematic for a host of reasons.

Firstly, there are the numerous mass graves which were not exhumed by the Germans to try and cover up deaths, which characterises most provincial towns across Poland and the Soviet Union. These were identified by Polish and Soviet investigations, with some towns seeing reburials in a proper cemetery. In many cases in Poland, the local Jewish cemetery was the execution site if the numbers were smaller. In other cases, Polish researchers taking an increased interest in the commemorative landscape and in the "archaeology of crime" have shown that authorities reburied victims in new mass graves where current memorials are located. The interest in Poland has become especially acute, and encompasses both grave sites of Polish victims of German terror as well as 'Holocaust graves'. The efforts of Jewish cemetery surveys combine in many places in Poland with local history interest. In Ukraine, Belarus and elsewhere, there are also the efforts of organisations like Yahad in Unum, who have relocated grave sites using Soviet Extraordinary Commission reports (which as can be seen on various entries of Yad Vashem's Untold Stories site, could well include sketch maps), in the 2000s interviewing local residents adding to the general upsurge in such interviewing.

Secondly, there are the killing sites and mass graves exhumed as part of Aktion 1005, which include sites of burial of non-Jewish victims of terror and Soviet POWs as well as 'Holocaust sites'. The general pattern was that the local Security Police command organised a 1005 detachment and did what it could in 1943-44, inevitably missing many graves and often barely getting beyond the bigger cities. Due to the timing of Soviet offensives, Ukraine saw less such efforts than Belarus or Poland, but nowhere did the Germans succeed in erasing all 'Holocaust graves'

Research into Aktion 1005 (notably Andrej Angrick's 1400 page study from 2018, building on past surveys) thus converges with the turn towards studying the 'archaeology of crime', memorials, the aftermath postwar, phenomena such as grave-robbing which were reported from the AR camps and elsewhere, plus the impact of these camps on local populations (who contended with the stench of decaying corpses as well as the smell of human corpses being cremated).

There hasn't been a systematic revisionist reckoning with all of this work, beyond relatively superficial polemics at Father Patrick Desbois and some rote kneejerk denials. It's especially problematic for the territory of contemporary Poland given the general turn towards local history and microhistory there, which tends to yield studies showing how much immediate postwar documentation was generated, and track cases of killings of fugitive Jews in the countryside (which could result in a postwar exhumation of a single known victim, in classic murder case style). There is also now work on the records left in local archives from communal, mayoral and county level authorities, in addition to studies which might be able to note the deployment of the Polish construction service (Baudienst) to dig mass graves from surviving records, or in one case to use the full population register for a county to note cases of executions of Jews noted in the registry.

This attention to the 'departure' points, the shtetls, ghettos, provinces, was always there within Jewish historiography, since memorial books were compiled and published about individual towns, small and large, from the 1940s.

Aktion 1005 is also informative in other ways: it provides many more examples of open-air cremation pyres and burning sites, with thus more evidence of how open air cremation worked. This seems like a much more profitable line of research than remaining fixated on Treblinka, extending what has already been discussed about the cremation of 6,865 victims of the bombing of Dresden in the Altmarkt in 1945.

Thirdly, seeing the key camps as nodes in a network formed by the departure points and the regions is now the conventional norm. The USHMM Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, vols I-IV, is open access at Project Muse; Yad Vashem's Untold Stories site has so far added 1200 towns within the 1941 borders of the Soviet Union. One can easily find more material on these towns online, whether from translated memorial books at jewishgen.org, dedicated sites for specific communities (some genealogical, some local history oriented), and find more in digitised archives or in actual archives.

This means that short-circuiting the discussion to fixate solely on the arrival ends of Treblinka, Belzec, etc, will no longer fly. This is also because the death tolls estimated for these camps is derived from knowing how many were deported to them, modified by locating information about breakout attempts en route, selections for some of the camps (Treblinka and Sobibor). If someone can find evidence that transports went elsewhere, or there were more selections for work camps within the Government-General, then this is what will modify the currently accepted death tolls.

The regions and networks involve are especially telling with Belzec. Andrzej Kola's team identified the size of the mass graves there in the late 1990s, at a time when the 1945 estimated toll of 600,000 was still widely used, maybe modified down to 550,000. The research on Eastern Galicia in particular in the 1990s reined in the temptation for some to speculate about higher death tolls, as seen with the frosty reception to articles by Robin O'Neill, who observed the archaeological investigations but misinterpreted some local killing actions in Galicia as deportations. Then Steve Tyas located the Hoefle telegram giving the figure of 434,000 for 1942.

Belzec closed to new transports at the end of 1942 precisely when the grave space was exhausted and when cremation began. In the first half of 1943, over 100,000 Jews in Eastern Galicia were murdered within that region, and not by deportation to any camp. While there were open-air cremations in Stanislawow and Lwow (near the Janowska camp in the 'Piaski' sands killing and burial area), the provincial ghettos were liquidated by shooting actions close to these towns. The graves were identified in 1944.

Belzec makes little sense as a transit camp to begin with, when up to 250,000 Jews were deported westwards to it from Eastern Galicia in 1942 - why not simply get SSPF Galizien to establish their own transit camp in the region and send them further east, if that was the policy? It makes even less sense when it closed entirely and the Germans returned to mass shootings in Galicia.

There are contemporary German documents, some cited as far back as Hilberg's 1961 edition, about the chaos of the deportations from Galicia, which saw mass breakout attempts from the trains, and thus bodies littering the sides of the rail lines. Other documents give snapshots of 'train jumpers' shot while leaping from the trains. The study of escapees from the AR deportation transports by Franziska Bruder found more survivor accounts for trains to Belzec than any other camp. There are thus very good reasons to think that thousands of the counted deportees, within the 434,000 Hoefle figure, never reached the camp at all, but died en route and their bodies lie elsewhere.

Cremation at Belzec began in November 1942 according to multiple witnesses, enough to take more of the edge off the 434,000 figure, while the work force for the gruesome clean-up would have also come from within the 434,000 figure.

The capacity of the graves identified by Kola is thus perfectly sufficient to have held the bodies of the victims, especially considering the effects of decomposition, and profile of the deportees skewing towards children given the patterns of selection from the regions affected. The rising and swelling of graves was reported at Belzec, and is known from other mass grave sites.

Revisionist arguments that the graves could have only held 3, 5, 8 or whatever corpses/cubic metre inject assumptions that are not in the slighest bit warranted. Either revisionists provide evidence for the whereabouts of some of the deportees from the Galicia, Krakow and Lublin districts, or there's nothing more to talk about.

Fourthly, your third bulletpoint about 'not on fuel needs and evidence at any of the major camps' partially shifts away from physical evidence to repeat a 'lack of records' argument, which is entirely historical. Since the records of the AR camps were destroyed and noted as being destroyed, this is a non-argument. Because of the destruction of records, we do not know how much fuel was supplied and in what form to the camps, or how much could be gathered by local efforts - some were practically self-sufficient with such foraging, others would indeed have needed supplying.

The supply of Chelmno with firewood was discussed in the 1945 memoir of the local German forestry official H. May, rendering the argument moot for Chelmno - and we also have a contemporary German document stating that the guard force "re-exhumed the Jews buried in a little wood near Kulmhof and had to burn them in specially constructed furnaces" (as highlighted on HC in 2016 and 2017).

For the Birkenau open-air cremations starting in autumn 1942 to early 1943, several forest details (Forstkommandos) were established in the area of Oberforstamt Pless, at Altdorf, Radostowitz and Kobior.
https://muse.jhu.edu/document/1377
https://muse.jhu.edu/document/1409

The 1944 open air cremations not only show up in one of the air photos, but were also observed by officials of the Reich Justice Ministry, who filed a report after their tour of Auschwitz in June 1944 (i.e. the precise moment of the 'Hungarian Action') mentioning the open air pyres.

For the AR camps, we know that some wood was self-supplied locally with woodcutting details. I have a testimony about the supply of extra wood by cart for Treblinka. Further research might well find more such snippets. Unlike for Chelmno and Birkenau, where we have an idea that the local forestry offices supplied at least part of the necessary wood, we do not know whether the SS contracted with local forestry offices or arranged shipments from farther afield. There were a variety of SS estates in the GG, especially in the Lublin district, and the SS also ran a sawmill in Pulawy as a sub-camp of Majdanek.

We do know that cremation took place at the AR camps. This was reported in 1944-45 after liberation and in the investigations then, and further documented for the camps due to the grave-robbing of local residents, and is confirmed by the archaeological investigations, including Kola's bore probe investigation of Belzec, and the archaeological reports from Sobibor and Treblinka.

The general fact of cremation at the AR camps has led to an inconsistency in revisionist arguments, a motte-and-bailey seesawing. On the one hand, there are the outright denials that there were ever any graves or cremation there, exemplified by Richard Krege's GPR lawnmower of death and the colossal embarrassment his claims caused. Krege's work was touted in the edited version of M&G's Treblinka in the early 2000s, and the footnote still wasn't taken out in subsequent reprint editions.

On the other, there is the ok-yes-well-there-were-some-cremations line, seen from MGK at various times, but a strenuous denial of mass cremation.

These arguments are not historical. For a historical argument, you need sources, which means showing the deportees were offloaded before reaching these camps, or were sent onwards from them.

The argument is by analogy, a form of modelling, which can be valid to establish whether past practices were possible (archaeologists and others in historical sciences have done this), but the modelling has to be done accurately. That hasn't happened.

The projections of how much fuel/wood is needed to cremate a human corpse are grossly exaggerated: firstly, the live bodyweight of the victims is averaged far too high considering the composition of children and other contemporary surveys of height/weight; secondly the mix of wood and liquid fuel isn't precisely knowable; thirdly the descriptions of open air cremations match those from multi-corpse crematorium cremations, in that bodies were stacked and layered so as to contribute more of the fuel for the pyre than would be the case in an individual Hindu funeral or indeed, a cremation pyre to incinerate cattle culled in a foot-and-mouth disease epidemic, which have not involved multiple layers of bodies - as seen in the photographs from the Dresden Altmarkt in 1945 and from Klooga in 1944.

Moreover: the exaggerated claims of how much wood is needed to cremate a human corpse are repeated by Mattogno in his book on the Einsatzgruppen, where he repeats a figure of 250kg/corpse whenever he feels like it, thus inextricably linking the shooting sites to the death camps by this argument.

And yet the standard exaggerated estimate is contradicted by historical data from other open air cremations and experiments, showing much lower ratios. Is cremating thousands of human corpses on pyres possible? Yes! The Germans did it on the Dresden Altmarkt in 1945. They did it elsewhere.

So no, the cremation argument is not even vaguely conclusive or "settled science".
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