Looking into this now, the best coverage of the invention of the 11 million trope is probably Peter Novick's
The Holocaust in American Life. It's worth reading in full, but just take this passage in particular, from page 216:
Before the late seventies, few in the United States had ever heard the figure "eleven million." Wiesenthal's fame in this country had to do with his exploits as a Nazi hunter, not as an interpreter of the Holocaust. This changed in 1977 when, in return for a subsidy for his program of tracking down war criminals, a California rabbi obtained the use of his name for what became a highly visible Holocaust institution, the Simon Wiesenthal Center[27]. "Eleven million" was part of the baggage that came with the name[28]. Inscribed at the entrance to the center's museum was a tribute to "six million Jews and to five million of other faiths"; center publications came to speak of "The Holocaust - six million Jews and five million non-Jews."[29]
The footnotes look like solid support. Indeed, I can't find any mention of the 11 million trope before 1977, and all of the Jewish historians who dissent from this number attribute its invention to Wiesenthal. There's really no room for doubt that he simply made it up and it stuck, immediately.
In 2011, Deborah Lipstadt wrote a few paragraphs about this controversy. My takeaway is that it is a fight between liberal Jews and ethnocentric Jews, with both sides believing that they are being more truthful.
https://web.archive.org/web/20190402081 ... f-history/
In 2006, Alex Grobman wrote that the 11 million trope is "a particularly egregious historical distortion".
https://jewishmag.com/109mag/holocaustn ... umbers.htm
On the other side, there are tons of mainstream newspaper articles going back decades that all push the 11 million trope. Tons of websites too. To pick out just one, in 2015, anti-Zionist outlet Mint Press News wrote in defense of "the forgotten 5 million". Another figure claimed here is that "up to 1.5 million" Roma Gypsies were exterminated.
https://www.mintpressnews.com/the-forgo ... st/208329/
Karl Radl noted that a book published in 1984 claimed 13 million murders.
https://karlradl14.substack.com/p/remar ... onsense-42
As an example of a history book used in American public schools, I have a copy of Alan Brinkley's
American History, 2015 edition. On page 708, Brinkley claimed 10 million just in camps:
As early as 1942, high officials in Washington had incontrovertible evidence that Hitler’s forces were rounding up Jews and others (including non-Jewish Poles, gypsies, homosexuals, and communists) from all over Europe, transporting them to concentration camps in eastern Germany and Poland, and systematically murdering them, often in factory-like gas chambers. (The death toll would ultimately reach 6 million Jews and approximately 4 million others.)
I had never seen this before, but the USHMM has a table breaking down the non-Jewish victims by category. It adds up to 6 million. Therefore USHMM must believe in 12 million total Holocaust deaths, although they never use that number. Also interesting is that, contrary to Mint Press's article above, USHMM claims only 0.25-0.5 million Roma Gypsies were murdered, a denial of at least a million victims.
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/ ... ersecution
Grokipedia cites only that USHMM page to claim that there were "an estimated 5 to 11 million" non-Jews exterminated. Therefore Grok has made up
another 5 million. Or it's just a bad citation and it got that number from some other source.
https://grokipedia.com/page/The_Holocau ... ted-groups